简要介绍四大类生物降解材料

2024-08-29

目前主要分为四类: 聚乳酸 (PLA) 、聚乳酸酯 (Phat) 、聚乳酸酯 (PBAT)。

At present, it is mainly divided into four categories: polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic acid ester (Phat), and polylactic acid ester (PBAT).

聚乳酸: 它是主要由乳酸制成的最常见的可生物降解塑料之一。聚乳酸的生产过程无污染，产品可生物降解。废弃的聚乳酸在55 ℃ 下通过堆肥或富氧和微生物的作用，可以分解成二氧化碳和水，在不影响环境的情况下实现自然的物质循环。目前，丙交酯的开环聚合技术主要用于聚乳酸的生产。首先，乳酸脱水以产生低聚物，然后分解聚合物以产生丙烯酸，然后进行开环聚合以产生聚乳酸。聚乳酸还具有可靠的生物相容性，可生物降解性，良好的机械性能，易于加工，广泛应用于包装，纺织品，农用塑料薄膜和生物医学聚合物等领域。PLA的缺点是降解条件相对苛刻。但由于聚乳酸在生物降解塑料中的成本相对较低，其消费量位居前列。

PBS: Made by shrinking succinic acid and 11.4-butanediol. PBS is easily converted into carbon dioxide and water by various microorganisms or enzymes in nature, and has strong biocompatibility, biological absorption, and heat resistance. PBS can be used in packaging film, tableware, foam packaging materials, daily bottles, medicine bottles, agricultural film, pesticide fertilizer slow release materials and other fields. Due to the limited availability of succinic acid raw materials in China, the production of PBS derivatives PBAT and PBSA meets the requirements. Its performance and performance. PBS is basically similar, but its processing performance is not as good as PBS.

PBAT: It is a thermoplastic biodegradable plastic. Fatty acids and butanediol are usually produced through petrochemicals or biological fermentation. It has strong ductility and tensile strength, as well as good heat resistance and impact resistance. PBAT has good film-forming properties and convenient film blowing, and is widely used in the fields of disposable packaging films and agricultural films. PBAT has excellent biodegradability and is one of the most active degradation materials in the research and market application of degradable plastics.

PHA: PHA biodegradable plastics include categories such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). PHA has a very unique degradation method. PHA can completely degrade β - hydroxybutyric acid, carbon dioxide, and water in vivo after use. Thermoplasticity and thermoplasticity are poor, but the temperature during thermoplastic processing is unstable. Can be used for disposable goods, medical equipment surgical gowns, packaging bags, composting bags, medical sutures, repair equipment, gauze, straightening needles, anti mucous membranes, and stents.
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